Testicular Biopsy

What is a Testicular Biopsy?

A testicular biopsy is a minor surgical procedure in which a small sample of testicular tissue is removed and examined. It is commonly performed to evaluate sperm production in men with infertility, especially in cases of azoospermia (absence of sperm in semen).

Why is a Testicular Biopsy Performed?

• To determine whether sperm production is present in the testicles
• To differentiate between obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia
• To retrieve sperm for assisted reproductive techniques such as IVF or ICSI
• To evaluate underlying testicular pathology

Types of Testicular Biopsy

• Diagnostic biopsy – performed to assess sperm production
• Sperm retrieval biopsy (TESE) – performed to collect sperm for fertility treatment
• Micro-TESE – performed using a microscope for higher precision in complex cases

How the Procedure is Performed

• Performed under local or general anesthesia
• A small incision is made in the scrotum
• A tiny sample of testicular tissue is removed
• The incision is closed with sutures

The procedure usually takes 30–60 minutes.

Expected Benefits

• Accurate diagnosis of sperm production status
• Possibility of sperm retrieval for assisted reproduction
• Helps guide further infertility treatment

Recovery

• Same-day discharge
• Mild swelling or discom